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Oscillating horizontal tempering furnaces |
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1/Introduction There are to main reasons for glass tempering -To harden the glass surface -To prevent, in case of glass breaks, to have very dangerous big pieces of broken glasses A/Different glass tempering There are 2 different glass temperings but only one( the thermic one) reaches the 2 targets -Chemical tempering -Thermic tempering 1/The chemical tempering The glass is dived inside heaten salts bath. The bath chemical composition depend of the type of glass. The target is to introduce at the glass surface more important dimensions cations from the salt bath, to replace the smaller ones which are inside the glass. This is possible thanks to the temperature increase ( more than 400 degre celsius) which allows the cations to move. During the cooling the cations mouvement stops and the biggest are kept in a smaller space than the one they normally need. So they are going to take more space and to harden the glass surface. Moreover the surface is going to be in compression and increase the glass resistance to break. But if the glass breaks the big dangerous glass pieces remain. The chemical tempering is used for glass less than 5 mm thickness. 2/The thermic tempering The idea is the same, to put the glass surface in compression. But a thermic way is going to be used. The glass is heaten( more than 600 Celsius degres) in an oven for a time depending the glass thickness ( between 1 and 15 minutes). And fastly cooled down ( with air under pressure). The surface fastly cooled is going to be in compression and the internal part of the glass is going to be in extension This way to temper has some advantages -The glass broke in small pieces ( less than 1 cm²), so less dangerous for people; -It is less expensive -It is possible to temper all kind of thicknesses B/The machines for thermic tempering -The tempering vertical ovens -The tempering oscillating horizontal ovens -The tempering continuous horizontal ovens
2/Oscillating horizontal tempering furnaces There are 4 area: loading, heating, tempering/cooling, unloading In the loading area the operator prepares the batch and waits to introduce the glass inside the oven till the previous batch leaveS the heating area. When the temperature required is reached the rolls exit fastly the glass from the heating area to the tempering area where under hight pressure air is sent on the surface. In the same time a new batche is introduce inside the heating area. When the glass in the tempering area reachs the temperature to be manually unloaded it is driven to the unloading area where operators unload the galss. |
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